Destination Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Destination Marketing - Coursework Example Tourism destination has been defined as â€Å"a geographical region, political jurisdiction, or major attraction, which seeks to provide visitors with a range of satisfying to memorable visitation experiences† (Bornhost, Ricthie and Sheehan, 2010). A tourism destination must also seek to enhance the economic and social well-being of the residents within its boundaries. To be called a tourism destination it must also offer a wide range of activities and experience to the tourists. Kenya can be called a tourism destination as it is an attractive, and one of the most developed tourist destinations in Sub-Saharan Africa (Ayoo, 2007). As of 2007 Kenya had 29 National Parks and 29 National Reserves that together occupy about 7.5% of the country’s total area. Biodiversity ranging from marine parks, mountain, arid and semi-arid parks to ecosystems can be found at these parks. The Equator divides the country into almost two equal halves. The country has several attractions such as natural and cultural attractions such as game viewing, bird-watching, deep-sea fishing and mountain climbing, apart from being free of terrorism (Pennington-Gray et al., 2005). The diversity of physical landscape and scenery provide both beauty and variety to the country (Odunga, 2005). Wildlife and nature-based tourism is the greatest attraction for the tourists visiting Kenya. Tourism in Kenya grew over the years and became an important economic activity. However, the sector has been experiencing decline because it could not segregate mass tourism from eco tourism and sustainable tourism. The focus initially was on mass tourism but then the focus shifted towards attracting a niche segment or the upmarket segment (Odunga, 2005). This affected the image of Kenya as a tourist attraction. With another policy shift the focus was again on both mass tourism and the niche segment. The constant shifting of strategies has led to an adverse image of the destination. Tourism in Kenya is in the decline stage of the Tourism Area Life Cycle as product quality has declined. Effective promotion is needed to restore the image that Kenya as a destination carried. Situational analysis would help recommend a suitable promotional strategy to attract the UK tourists, comprising of a niche segment. 2. Situational Analysis An analysis of the macro environment or the external factors that influence tourism in Kenya would help develop the framework for promotion as well as the marketing objectives. 2.1 Environmental Analysis The country is undergoing political instability and political unrest. One of the major issues is the unequal distribution of resources such as land on which tourism depends. Some hold the view that while tourism consumes large resources the distribution of the revenue remains at the discretion of the central government, which often disregards the social and economic needs of the region (Mayaka and Prasad, 2012). The political situation in the country makes the tourism industry vulnerable to uncertainties and volatility. The tourism sector in Kenya contributes to 11 percent of the GDP but the global financial crisis further affected the political events, which resulted in reduced flow of tourists (Mayaka and Prasad, 2012). Tourism has reduced unemployment while maintaining balance of payments (Pennington-Gray et al., 2005). The recession

Green Design Essay Example for Free

Green Design Essay The notion of a responsible architecture design is something that flourished way back in 1970s. However, green designs during that time were only developed on a domestic or small scale basis (Papanek 4). It is only in the late 1980s that green commercial developments are done as an effect not only of the 1980 economic boom but also of various social, political and design factors (Beaufoy 199). At the present age, the author argues that the attempts of modern architecture to merge new trends in office design and environmental friendly features are primarily commercial in nature and not really fully environmental. Having such premise in mind, the author formulated the research question: Should interior designers encourage clients to go with green design? In order to sufficiently answer this question, the author have provided a comparative analysis of the pros and cons of the green design and then significantly deduce based from the said arguments the writer’s stance weather he will respond to the question on the affirmative or the negative manner. Arguments on the affirmative side claims that: (1) The green design will help reduce the environmental burdens that the present society brings to the aforementioned and also help man conserve energy (Winter 8); and (2) The green design will help to minimize or to an extent prevent sickness that are acquired within a particular building or house. On the other hand, the arguments on the negative side are the following: (1) The green design raises the costs in erecting buildings or houses; (2) The green design is difficult to implement on certain states, depending on the statutory laws governing a particular state. Body The body of the research elaborates on the positive and the downsides of implementing green design. Reducing Environmental Burdens and Energy Conservation The relevance of green buildings on a global level and its effect to the environment and energy conservation is one of the major arguments in terms of promoting green designs. Buildings or houses that are tailored to be such are expected to reduce carbon dioxide and CFC emissions that are brought about by airconditioning (Beaufoy 203). For instance, IBM has been creating buildings that are completely asbestos free and avoids the use of hardwoods unless the latter came from a sustainable source. They are also using low ozone-depleting chemicals and has been controlling the ozone emission of their airconditioning, and even planning in the near future to eliminate aircondition altogether. In some instances, where green buildings use glass on the exterior, such helps to lessen the need for heating, and the small amount of heat that is needed could be gas-fired. Corollary with this, one can also help to reduce the use of light bulbs of fluorescent lights, hence conserving energy (Beaufoy 203). The use of energy efficient devices such as those of modern HVAC devices helps buildings to save operating costs and could even make the former eligible for rebates offered by local energy companies. In addition with this, through designing building facilities that make use of energy through natural ventilation and daylight also reduces operating costs (Meyerson 47). Health Benefits One of the major premises why green buildings are favorable is due to the health benefits that it could bring to people. For instance if a building is designed to draw air at a high level, cooled and the filtered, the air conditioning or water system of the aforementioned could help eliminate the risk of Legionnaires Disease (Beaufoy 203). The Greenpeace building in Islington, London are also geared towards creating a more environmentally sustained building in their inclination to reduce the risks of office illnesses that result due to the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions of airconditions (Beaufoy 204). Increased Construction and Soft Costs The actual costs of building green architecture are something that is too expensive that a lot of green features can not be really accommodated by most marginalized companies (Johnston 1). As such it is often argued that green buildings are only for wealthy people (Wilson 1). The problem of first costs or the initial expenses that has to be paid prior to building a house is something that is of a growing concern for customers. For instance, the use of uncommon trades and materials could increase costs in addition to LEED commissioning (Syphers et al 8). In addition with this, higher soft costs are also most likely to be incurred in green buildings. The use of additional design analysis, computer modeling, commissioning, product research and lifecycle costs analysis for materials that could be substituted could also paved the way for up-front costs (Syphers et al 8). Legal Considerations Local conditions that are unique to every country and state cold also be one of the problems in terms of attempting to erect green buildings, for some state regulations could pose certain problems on the aforementioned. For instance, the state of California prohibits the use of water-free urinals that could have saved certain buildings a significant amount of water (Syphers et al 6). In relation with this, the use of solar panels that could have help buildings to save electricity, though highly encouraged within various states regulations; also poses some problems as the law requires buildings to locate these panels somewhere that could not be seen on public roads due to the risk of accidents. Also, local building codes have given limitations on the height windmills including its zone restrictions (Syphers et al 7). As generally known, windmills are also one of the most environmentally friendly way of generating electricity. Analysis After presenting the abovementioned arguments of the positive and the downsides of the use of the green design, it is also noteworthy to tell that amidst all of these most basic issues, the author perceived that the advocacy for the adaptation of green buildings is something that is primarily commercial in nature rather than really environmental in focus. Although it could be significantly noted that green buildings indeed helps the environment due to cutting the use of certain machines that could have harmed for instance the ozone layer, it could be implied that the primary motivation of customers is indeed on cost cutting and juxtaposed with that of course is a relatively healthy lifestyle. In this respect, it could be said that although the positive side of green architecture is emphasized most specially its environmental underpinnings, the fact couldn’t be hidden that such an endeavor is not really one hundred percent pro nature as one could see a compromise between capitalism and protecting the environment. It is with this respect that the author remembered that capitalism is indeed a necessary evil. There are a number of human endeavors that will not proceed without its aid, and such includes even the environment. In addition to these issues, the notion of the difficulty of implementing the architectural design of green buildings is something that should also be taken into consideration. The initial construction costs and soft costs could be really expensive; however, experts still argue that the life cycle costs of the building in the long run could be very cost effective (California Integrated Waste Management Board 1). The legal considerations of course are something that is imperative in order to assure order and efficiency to the society. Albeit it should be noted that the process of adopting green design is something that is still in the process of development; hence it is theoretically possible that the future technology could bring about changes that could fully actualize the fullest utility of the program. Conclusion Given the abovementioned factors, the author wishes to answer the research question: â€Å"Should interior designers encourage clients to go with green design? † in the affirmative. It could be seen that although the green design has a number of short comings, it could not be denied that these flaws are only minute in comparison to the overall utility that it could bring to man and to the environment. The short comings of green design could be solved through active collaboration of various stakeholders that are concerned to such like customers, contractors, architects, interior designers, engineers, the government, non government organizations, private corporations and the likes. Literature Cited Beaufoy, Helena. â€Å"Case Study: The Green Office in Britain A Critical Analysis†. Journal of Design History 6,3 (1993) 206. California Integrated Waste Management Board. January 2007. Sustainable (Green) Building: Project Design Cost Issues. 23 October 2007 http://www. ciwmb. ca. gov/GreenBuilding/Design/CostIssues. htm#Primers Johnston, Ritchey. Actual Costs Is Building Green Too Expensive? January 2000. Housing Zone. 23 October 2007 http://www. housingzone. com/topics/nahb/green/nhb00ca029. asp Meyerson, Andrew. â€Å"The Dollars and Cents of Green Construction: Being Environmentally Friendly Brings Financial as Well as Social Benefits†. Journal of Accountancy 199,5 (2005) 47. Papanek, Victor. Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change. London: Thames Hudson, 1985. Syphers, Geof et al. October 2003 Managing the Cost of Green Buildings K-12 Public Schools Research Laboratories Public Libraries Multi-family Affordable Housing. State of California and Almeda COunty Waste Management Authority. 23 October 2007 http://www. ciwmb. ca. gov/GreenBuilding/Design/ManagingCost. pdf Winter, Metta, â€Å"The Greening of Design: Jack Elliott Believes Interior Designers Can and Should Play a Major Role in Preventing Environmental Degradation, That Sustainability Should Be Central to All Design Decisions†. Human Ecology 30,1 (2002) 8. Wilson, Alex. Building Green on a Budget. May 1999. Building Green. com. 23 October 2007 http://www. buildinggreen. com/auth/article. cfm? fileName=080501a. xmla

Existence of God Debate Philosophy

Existence of God Debate Philosophy The argument on whether God is existent or non-existent is one that has lasted for decades. Some philosophers and theologians have argued on both sides but a solid evidence for or against the existence of God have not been provided. However, several proofs for or against Gods existence have been provided. The paper argues on the basis of the non-existence of God from a philosophical point of view. Theories such as the problem of evil, principle of nature, and the parsimony arguments demonstrate that God does not exist and religion is a just a mere belief created in human minds. Apparently, God is not omnipresent, omnibenevolent, omniscience, or omnipotent. Introduction The idea of God is almost global among societies of the human race, although it has different cultural definitions. The arguments in support of and those against Gods existence have been proposed by several scientists, philosophers, and theologians. In accordance with Murray and Rea (2008) philosophically, the arguments for and against Gods existence involve chiefly the ontology (nature of being) and epistemological (theory of knowledge) sub-disciplines as well as the theory of value because perfection concepts are often connected with notions of God (157). However, the debate on Gods existence has raised quite a number of philosophical issues. The main problematic issue is the existence of both polytheistic and monotheistic perceptions. Some definitions of the existence of God are so non-specific while others are self-contradictory. It is possible to draw the conclusion that all definitions given on God by humans are probably false characterizations of what God accounts for the being of humans on earth and the universe (Everitt 159). Moreover, one can also conclude that the whole idea of any God has no basis since it is not backed by any evidence. Thirdly, it may be suggested that the intellect of humans is probably not sufficient to analyze concepts that are absolutely based on human understanding and beliefs, such as Gods existence as a creator. The key issue here is not whether God exists or not, but whether there is sufficient evidence to support his existence or non-existence (Murray and Rea 157). The religious beliefs of Gods existence are probably out of human emotional need for protection and belonging since there is no reliable evidence to support these arguments. God does not exist. Methodology Books by famous philosophers who have written on the non-existence of God will be used to gather sufficient information on the topic. The Bible will also be used to demonstrate the contradictory nature of God. Discussion According to Oppy and Scott (2010), God is unlimited goodness and therefore if God truly exists then there is no evil (82). However, considering that there is evil in the world, God doesnt exist. This reasoning makes a lot of sense because how could it be possible that God, an infinite goodness be created and as such protects a world full of corruption and imperfections. If God really existed then horrible and terrible things wouldnt occur in the world as they do today. For instance, there would be no starvation like there is in third world countries where thousands of grown ups and innocent children die of hunger every year. In addition, things like destructive wars which result to a lot of human anguish and suffering would not exist. In this context, the Holy Bible which is believed to be Gods absolute word condemns theft, murder, and adultery. In line with Khashaba (2006, it is quite difficult to believe that an all-knowing and powerful being that is infinitely-good created the entire world but is not capable of controlling the things that take place in it. Instead of just condemning them in an ancient book he could probably have abolished all forms of evil (119). Moreover, the same Bible says that God is a heavenly father. If that was the case, then he would have let his children to be good and free from like him hence wiping-out all evil from the face of the earth. According to Murray and Rea (2008), the non-existence of God may be proven by the principle of nature which is measurable, simple, and visible instead of believing in a complex being that can not be measured, perceived or conceived. As a matter of fact, scientific theories have provided explanations for natures existence and hence nature could be used to account for mankinds gradual development. This development has been explained by development of an organism that is single cell to one that is multi-cellular. On the other hand, evolution has explained the intelligence of the current man while the The Big Bang theory has explained the creation of planet earth (Murray and Rea 158). In contrast, those in support of the existence of God argue on the basis of the causation theory. The argument states that one thing causes another and thus there will be no effect if the first cause did not exist. However, the existence of this first cause can not be proven or even determined under any circumstances. For instance, The Big Bang theory existed and that is why it is possible to base earths creation on it. Nevertheless, something else that caused the existence of this theory must have existed initially. In line with Johnson (2006), Philosophical theology writers such as St. Anselm argue that if a person understands that a greater being exists though not able to explain its existence, then it exists in reality (50). Thus, if someone understands that God exists, then he must exist in reality. This argument is absolutely futile if there is no sufficient evidence to support it. The fact that someone understands the existence of God and entirely understands God does not imply that God actually exists. For instance, if one understands in their minds and entirely that ghosts exist, however this is not a guarantee that indeed ghosts exist. Its just like in movies where people entirely understand a character that they are supposed to represent and even practically portray that character. Definitely this does not make the movie character a reality (Oppy and Scott 102). Its often claimed that the biblical God is omnipresent (everywhere at all times, omnipotent (all-powerful), omnibenevolent (unlimitedly good), and omniscient (familiar with everything). From a logical point of view, these concepts are entirely impossible implying that God doesnt exist. The Bible says that nothing is impossible with God yet there are several instances in the same Bible where he was unable to do something. In relation to Murray and Rea (2008) The book of Judges 1:19ÂÂ  says that God was with Judah; he drove out the mountain inhabitants; but could not send away the valley inhabitants, because they had iron chariots (158).ÂÂ  If God was so compassionate then he would release people from the bondages of sin and destroy the devil who leads his people astray. At the same time, God would relieve humanity of the original sin penalty if he was omnipotent. Basically, if God was powerful and able yet he chooses to let human being suffer from sin, then its not logical to argue that he is omnibenevolent. In line with Everitt (2004), God should have erased the original sin and allowed men to be judged based on their own actions instead of paying for other peoples sins (154). On the same note, Christians say that God is omnipresent meaning that he is everywhere at the same time. If God was omnipresent then he would not have to walk like he says in the Bible that he shall walk with his people. There would be no need for him to relocate from one place to another in order to be with one of his since he already exist there. Similarly, God should never change his mind if at all he is omniscience because a change in mind demonstrates uncertainty. In relation to Oppy and Scott (2010) there are so many instances in the Bible where God changed his mind. For example, in the Exodus story where the children of Israel worshiped idols and God decided on destroying them, he later forgave them after Moses pleaded for forgiveness. This concept brings a lot of doubt on whether God really intended on destroying the Israelites or he was unable to do so yet he knew this would come to be (110). If God was in deed omnipresent and onmibenevolent he would prevent the occurrence of sin and destructive events. Conclusion/Recommendations There has been a significant attack on the conception of God as religion comes under a more intense scrutiny. Several theories and concepts have shown that God indeed doesnt exist. From an objective perception of the Bible, it is easy to see that God is not omnipresent, omniscience, omni benevolent, or omnipotent as claimed by the Bible. It is evident that the biblical God is contradictory and it is not possible that he exists. Moreover, there is no adequate evidence that the bible is not just an ordinary book. Principles such as The Big Bang can be used to explain the existence of nature hence can replace the belief that God exists. Theories of nature sufficiently explain the human beliefs in God and the development of religion. The issue of the existence of sin greatly challenges the existence of a God who is omnibenevolent and omnipotent. It is either that God exists and sin doesnt, or God doesnt exist but sin does. The existence of both is contradictory and it is not possible. Fu rther research and study may be necessary in understanding the existence or non-existence of God. Basically, there exists adequate evidence that there is no God though a concrete prove has not been discovered yet.

ph levels Essay -- essays research papers

Introduction: In 1909 S.P.L. Sorensen published a paper in Biochem Z in which he discussed the effect of H1+ ions on the activity of enzymes. In the paper he invented the term pH to describe this effect and defined it as the -log[H1+ ]. In 1924 Sorensen realized that the pH of a solution is a function of the "activity" of the H1+ ion not the concentration and published a second paper on the subject. A better definition would be pH=-log[aH1+ ], where aH1+ denotes the activity of the H1+ ion. The activity of an ion is a function of many variables of which concentration is one. It is unfortunate that chemistry texts use a definition for pH that has been obsolete for over 50 years. Because of the difficulty in accurately measuring the activity of the H1+ ion for most solutions the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has defined pH as the reading on a pH meter that has been standardized against standard buffers. The following equation is used to calculate the pH of all solutions: The activity of the H1+ ion is determined as accurately as possible for the standard solutions used. The identity of these solutions vary from one authority to another, but all give the same values of pH to  ± 0.005 pH unit. The historical definition of pH is correct for those solutions that are so dilute and so pure the H1+ ions are not influenced by anything but the solvent molecules (usually water). In most solutions the pH ...

Un Convention on the Rights of the Child

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) In 1989 world leaders decided that children needed a convention that protected their rights and that people recognised that children had rights too. They felt that children needed special care and protection that adults do not The Convention on the Rights of the Child is the first legally binding international instrument to incorporate the full range of human rights—civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. The Convention has set out these rights in 54 articles and two Optional Protocols.It covers all the basic human rights and states that children everywhere have: the right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation; and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life. The four core principles of the Convention are non-discrimination; devotion to the best interests of the child; the right to life, survival and development; and respect for the v iews of the child. Every right spelled out in the Convention is inherent to the human dignity and harmonious development of every child.The Convention protects children's rights by setting standards in health care; education; and legal, civil and social services. Article 29 is specifically aimed at children and their right to an education; it is based on equal opportunity and states that * Primary education is compulsory and free to all * Develop different forms of secondary education which should be free and with the offer of financial assistance if needed * Make higher education available for all Make educational information and guidance available for all children * Encourage regular attendance and reduce the number of drop outs. It also has guidance of how education should be delivered to the children * It should develop the child’s personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their full potential * It should develop the respect for the child’s parents, cultural identity, language, values and the national values of the country in which the child lives or originates from * It should repare the child for the responsibilities of life in a free society in an environment that offers peace, tolerance, equality of sexes and friendship among people * It should offer the chance to develop in a natural environment. childrenandyouthprogramme. info/pdfs/pdfs†¦ /uncrc_summary_version. pdf 27. 10. 12 www. csie. org. uk/inclusion/child-rights. shtml 27. 10. 12 www. unicef. org/crc/ 27. 10. 12

Importance of education and knowledge

Education or knowledge could help people make better choices, but not all will make those choices. People won't because they care about the money in their pocket. Some Just don't care because they won't have to live through it. They expect younger generations to do something about it so they don't have to. people do try to change the world, and do try very hard to do so, but if you want to make a change you have to change yourself.For somebody to change it would or will be really hard because you may have to come out of your comfort zone, which would be awkward of course. If I chose to change I myself will have to come out of that zone, the way I eat, the way I do things, what I do on my spare time and my attitude towards things. If I were to change something in the world I would try to make one day out of one month for each month of no driving.which would involve spending a lot of time researching and a lot of interviews and will have to some how get into a conference out doing some thing for the worldOne day each month would help slowdown global warming not by much, but it is a step closer to a better world. If Everyone did a little something to help the world they could change it a lot. Also if some people really paid attention maybe the they might try a little to change the world, like those commercials for dog shelters they wish they could take them all but they can't because they don't have enough money, or already have a dog or just not allowed to have a pets. For some people they may have to go extremely far if they want to complete their goal. some people don't change very much and still change in the world like â€Å"Gandhi†Gandhi was an English lawyer that went to India, but didn't like a law, so he set out to change this law of Indian rights. He changed by living like one of the Indians, he had a hard time changing this law, he was arrested quite a few times. But other people were killed over standing up with gandhi, but eventually beat the g overnment had the law changed but not long after his change a war broke out because some people didn't like the idea and so set out a riot against him. While the riot was going on gandhi said some word and they stopped and after a few days some guy killed him. It does take a lot of effort to change some thing really big, it may even involve jail or  death but not likelyTo change something drastically you may have to be willing to take the consequences. it only takes one human being you seen something is have to try and see we're you may end up

Tips on Presenting a Thesis Proposal

Tips on Presenting a Thesis Proposal Tips on Presenting a Thesis Proposal Presenting a thesis proposal can be challenging for anyone. If you have no experience with this sort of writing or doubt your writing skills, it can be much more stressful. Before writing a thesis, outline your plan. Without a proper proposal, you might get stuck. Here are a few suggestions to help with your approach: Introduce your idea The purpose of a thesis proposal is to introduce your idea to the professor. Discuss: Which information and ideas upon which you plan to base your thesis Why this topic is important to you How this effort fits with your academic curriculum, degree, and future pursuits Use the right information A thesis requires a large amount effort, research, and writing. Dedicate yourself to finding credible resources. Reliable information will also support your thesis proposal; you’ll have to take the same approach when creating the actual thesis document. Paint a picture Provide an outline for what you plan to accomplish. You don’t need to know everything right now. In fact, it’s possible new information will come to light that will change or influence what you write. However, it’s essential to have enough knowledge about your topic to draw a few potential conclusions at the beginning. If you’re stymied by the idea of a thesis proposal, there’s help available. and our tutors can help right now, and continue to assist after your proposal is approved and you continue with the academic writing of a thesis.

legal position of directors Essay Example

legal position of directors Essay Example legal position of directors Essay legal position of directors Essay LEGAL POSITION OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY Mrs. Kamya Rani Mrs. Sukhbir Kaurl A company is an artificial person created by law. It functions through human agents who are collectively called Board of Directors. They are termed as Trustees of the assets of the company who sees that company business is carried on in accordance with the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the company. They decides policies of the company keeping in view the main objects for which the company was formed. Only an Individual is eligible for appointment as a Director of the company. There are various types of directors: 1 . Executive Directors i. e Managing Director, Whole time director 2. Non Executive Director Nominee Director Institutional Nominee Promotional Institutional Nominee Lending Institutional Nominee Holding company nominee Collaborator Nominee Government Nominee us. 48B Debenture holder Nominee Independent Director Others The individual cannot be a director for more than 15 public limited companies. The Directors of the company are custodians of the interest of the stakeholders which includes: (i) Employees Shareholders Creditors Customers Society It is not easy to explain the position that a director holds in a corporate enterprise. A director is not a servant of any master. He is the controller of the companys affairs. Director of a company is neither an employee nor a servant to the company. They are professional people who were hired by the company to direct its affairs. However there is no restriction under the Act, that a director cannot be an employee to the company. In Lee v. Lees Air Farming Ltd 1961 AC 12, it was held that, a director may, however, work as an employee in different capacity. There is no definite definition for irector under the Companies Act, 1956. Director includes any person who is occupying the position of a director, whatever name called. Director As Agents In Ferguson v. Wilson (1866) 2 Ch App 77, the court clearly recognised that directors are in the eyes of law, agents of the company. It was held that, the company has no person; it can act only through directors and the case is, as regards those directors, merely the ordinary case of a principal and agent. When the directors contract in the name, and on behalf of the company, it is the company which is liable on it and not the directors. In Elkington Co. v. Hurter 1892(2) CH 452, where the plaintiff supplied certain goods to a company tnrougn Its cnalrman, wno promlsea to Issue nlm a debenture for the price, but never did so and company went into liquidation, he was held not liable to the plaintiff. Similarly, a director was held to be personally not liable in a suit against a private chit fund company. Attachment of the property of the director was held to be not permissible. Like agents, directors have to disclose their personal interest, if any, in any transaction of the company. In Ray Cylinders Containers v. Hindustan General Industries Ltd(2001) 103 CC 161, held that, the directors are the agents of the institution and not of its individual members, except when that relationship arises due to the special facts of the case. Also granted permission to file a suit against a company was not allowed to be treated as permission against directors as well. In Sarathi Leasing Finance Ltd v. B Narayana Shetty(2006) 131 CC 798, the articles of association empowered the managing director to represent the company in legal proceedings. It was held that a further authorization was not necessary to enable im to file a complaint for dishonor of cheque under Sec. 138 of Negotiable Instrument Act. Directors are the agents of a company. They are acting on behalf of the company. So the directors cannot be held personally liable for any default of the company. It was held that, for a loan taken by a company, the directors, who had not given any personal guarantee to the creditor, could not be made liable merely because they were directors. Director As Trustees Directors are the trusties of the companys money, property and their powers and such must account for all the moneys over which they exercise control and shall efund any moneys improperly paid away, and shall exercise their powers honestly in the interest of the company and all the shareholders, and not their own sectional interest. To whom the directors are trustee? Whether to the company or to the individual shareholders. This principle was laid down in 1902 in Percival v. Wright, and still holds ground as a basic proposition. In this case the court held that, directors have no duty towards individual shareholders. From this it is very clear that, the directors are trustees to the company and not of individual shareholders. The principle of the case was reiterated in Peskin v. Anderson. Ordinarily the directors are not agents or trustees of members or shareholders and owe no fiduciary duties to them. However we have to take the decision of Allen v. Hyatt(1914) 30 TLR 444. It was held that, the directors are trustees of the profit for the benefit of the shareholders. They cannot always act under the impression that they owe no duty to the individual shareholders. But it is of no doubt that the primary duty of the director is to the company. Director As Organs Of Corporate Body The organic theory of corporate life treats certain officials as organs of the company, or whose action the company is held liable Just as a natural person is for the action of his limbs. Thus the modern directors are more than mere agents or trustees. The Board is also correctly recognised to be a primary organ of the company. Directors and managers represent the directing mind or will of the company and control what it does. The state of mind of these managers is the state of mind of the company and is treated by law as such. The practical effects of these rules are that the directors personal fault in the business of the company becomes the fault of the company; nelr reason to Delleve Is attrlDutea to tne company ana tne Intentlon to occupy a premises as expressed by their conduct is the intention of the company. CHANGES MADE BY THE NEW COMPANIES ACT, 2013 The 1956 Act prescribed minimum 2 directors for a private and 3 for a public company respectively to constitute a Board. This criterion has been retained by the new Act, but the maximum limit of directors on the Board has now been raised from 12 to 15. The Act has also removed the stringent compliance of securing prior Central Government approval for raising the number of directors beyond the prescribed limit nd, instead, a comparatively simpler method of approval by means of a special resolution of the shareholders has been introduced. Additionally, new changes include mandatory presence of independent directors on the Board of listed public companies and minimum one woman director in the case of certain class of companies to be notified later, thereby bringing more transparency and gender equality into the Board rooms. The legislation clearly defines the role of such independent directors and has a detailed Code for independent directors appended to it, which contains explicit guidelines for professional conduct, roles and esponsibilities of such directors. They are bound by this Code to play a role in the appointments, determination of remuneration and removal of executive directors, managers and key managerial personnel. In view of the fiduciary position held by directors, explicit provisions prescribing directors duties have been added to the new Act. These include keeping away from situations in which they have conflicting interest with that of the company, duty to make good in monetary terms any undue gain/advantage on the part of the directors etc. Independent directors: The provision o make companies have one-third of their board members as independent directors is fine in principle. Independent directors (IDs) are also more stringently defined, and their tenures will be limited to two terms adding up to 10 years. IDs can also hold a maximum of 20 directorships. The best thing about the new Companies Act is that it is simple, with greater clarity of intent and purpose. Sounds good? But there are pitfalls. For three reasons. First, how independent can IDs be when they are appointed and paid for by the promoters? Will promoters appoint truly independent people on boards? Second, are there enough persons available to be appointed as IDs? In theory, yes, because there are no qualifications for becoming an ID. But, in practice, once you tell the prospective person the responsibilities he will bear, the actual number of competent and willing IDs diminishes. Most IDs, in fact, end up adorning corporate boards without the time or commitment to work in the interests of shareholders. Third, if eligible IDs end up taking up 20 directorships each, how can they really serve each of those companies shareholders diligently? According to a CNBC TV18 report, AnalJit Singh of Max India, for example, attended only one out of 4 board meeting of Dabur in three years, before he resigned. How did he really help protect Daburs shareholder interests by remaining absent? The conclusion: it is good to have many IDs, but corporate governance will need a heavy dose of regulation too to complete the picture. Women directors: It is important for corporate boards to ensure gender diversity, but before that happens, a supply of women eligible for board positions needs to be created. According to GMI Ratings Women on Boards Survey 2013, even on the worlds best-known companies, women account for only 1 1 ercent 0T total alrectorsnlps. In Inala, a sample 0T BY companies witn more tnan S billion in market valuation, the women percentage is less than 7 percent. And we are talking only about the biggest companies here. Clearly, major efforts will have to be made to create more women directors, but before that there have to be more women reaching the top of the corporate hierarchy. The legislation should act as a spur to womens empowerment, but compliance could be years away. Refrences Company Law, Bangia Company Law, PranJape wmwmanupatra. com www. companylawreporter. com www. caclubindia. com

Celebrities Have a Tremendous Influence on the Young

There are many other ways to find role models for young people. Plus, celebrities become famous because they can sing, dance, act, or they are super good at something. But celebrities are human beings too. Like everyone else, celebrities make mistakes too. People think celebrities should act as role models because celebrities choose to live in a way to put themselves in front of the public so that a lot of people will pay attention to them. It is obvious true that the young people are learning from the celebrities about what to do and how to do. But young people are surrounded by other grown-ups such as parents, friends, relatives, and teachers. In the way of contact with all others, the young can set their role models. Also there are so many books, articles and movies about famous people who are not close to us, but kids can still learn value, passion, dream and life. Thus celebrities are not necessarily to be pushed as role models. Celebrities become famous because they are better than other in some ways. But it doesn’t mean that celebrities have to live in a role model life. Everyone makes mistakes, including celebrities. But when celebrities get wrong on one thing, they are easily put in front of the public since they get attention all the time. It is not fair to blame celebrities just because people think they should be role models. Take the example of Britney Spear, young people are so fascinated by her songs and dances. But when it comes to love and marriage, she is unluckily on a wrong path. Many girls make same kind mistakes and they learn from lessons. We cannot expect Britney to be a role model then blame her on bad experience. In a word, celebrities have huge influence on the young. But celebrities do not have a responsibility to be role models. Celebrities Have a Tremendous Influence on the Young There are many other ways to find role models for young people. Plus, celebrities become famous because they can sing, dance, act, or they are super good at something. But celebrities are human beings too. Like everyone else, celebrities make mistakes too. People think celebrities should act as role models because celebrities choose to live in a way to put themselves in front of the public so that a lot of people will pay attention to them. It is obvious true that the young people are learning from the celebrities about what to do and how to do. But young people are surrounded by other grown-ups such as parents, friends, relatives, and teachers. In the way of contact with all others, the young can set their role models. Also there are so many books, articles and movies about famous people who are not close to us, but kids can still learn value, passion, dream and life. Thus celebrities are not necessarily to be pushed as role models. Celebrities become famous because they are better than other in some ways. But it doesn’t mean that celebrities have to live in a role model life. Everyone makes mistakes, including celebrities. But when celebrities get wrong on one thing, they are easily put in front of the public since they get attention all the time. It is not fair to blame celebrities just because people think they should be role models. Take the example of Britney Spear, young people are so fascinated by her songs and dances. But when it comes to love and marriage, she is unluckily on a wrong path. Many girls make same kind mistakes and they learn from lessons. We cannot expect Britney to be a role model then blame her on bad experience. In a word, celebrities have huge influence on the young. But celebrities do not have a responsibility to be role models.

Crime and Los Angeles Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crime and Los Angeles - Case Study Example Though recently there have been lots of security measures undertaken by the government, yet there happened to be crimes occurring in and around the city. The purpose of this paper is to report one of the crimes that had taken place in the city and produce a critical view of it.In this paper, I have taken the case of Thelma Todd, a popular actress of the late 1920s and early 1930s. Though this case may appear out of date, I am quite interested in it because the investigation was not fully successful and it only ended with guess. So, let us see the case in detail.Thelma Todd was a school teacher and model before she started her career as an actress. She was born in Lawrence, MA in 1905. She grew as a very popular and leading actress by acting in more than fourty films. She established a great career and was so successful with every role she took. It was on the morning of December 15, 1935 the world knew that she was dead. It was a great shock for millions of people around the world. He r body was discovered in a car, just beside her own restaurant. At the first glace of the investigation it was decided that the case was a suicide as the carbon monoxide fumes were flowing inside the car with all the doors and glasses shut. Few people who were closely associated with the actress also supported this judgment because they had seen her caught between several problems and that she was always trying to put an end to everything. SUICIDE OR MURDER According to the Grand Jury investigation, it was reported that there were signs of wound in her face and mouth. This view supported the opinion that she might have been knocked off and then had been placed in the car by the murderers. The spots of blood on her face was highly supporting for this murdering view. But despite of all the attempts of the jury, nothing could be found as the true cause of the death. So the Grand Jury finally ruled her death as suicide. The inquest into her death revealed more questions than answers. Many suggested that Thelma may have committed suicide. It was not an uncommon method for such an act, but then murders had been committed in a similar fashion. TRACES In addition, if she had killed herself, where had the blood on her face and clothing come from' To make matters more suspicious, an autopsy had revealed that Thelma had suffered a broken nose, several broken ribs and enough bruises to suggest that she had been roughed up. Minute and fresh finger prints on her body as well as in the body of car seemed to arose plenty problems, but nothing helped in pin pointing the true criminal. SUSPECTED ONES The inquest into her death revealed more questions than answers. Roland West, the leading director and her husband seemed to be likely the suspect. But there was no strong evidence to prove it and many confusing things emerged making the case unsolvable. Another important person to be involved in the suspect list is Luciano, a dangerous mobster of that time. There was too no evidence to prove him as the cause because many were afraid of him and his notorious group. Thus, the case remained unsettled even after so many years. CONCLUSION No one were able to find out what really happened on the early hours of December 15th. Thelma Todd's case still seems to puzzle everyone. Many believe that the restless soul of Thelma Todd, still wanders around the place where she had lived. Many have seen strange things taking place in the area surrounding where her soul departed. Whatever it is, from revisiting the case I would like to conclude that this was one such crime for which there was no answer. Even now, there seem to be crimes happening like this which are really challenging for the

Easy Proposal Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Easy - Thesis Proposal Example Interviews and questionnaires will be used to obtain primary data, while financial statements will be used to obtain secondary data. The increased collapse of companies led to an increase in the number of legislation passed to protect businesses and the interests of shareholders (AICPA 6). This has led to an increase in creative accounting, which is the manipulation of financial statements by accountants using their knowledge, in a way that is within the legal restrictions (Beidleman 655). Without rotation of auditors, and with accountants being under the command of managers, they can manipulate them to produce financial statements that do not portray the true and fair view of a firm’s financial performance (Hanno 135). There are various reasons advanced to explain why firms engage in creative accounting. These include a company trying to hide its poor performance in a particular year, or when it is avoiding takeovers (DeZoort, Hermanson and Houston 179). Accounting standards have been revised to try curbing unethical issues in financial statement preparation and improving their integrity. However, managers and accountants have found ways of navigating this regulation; remain within the confines of the law, and produce financial statement that do not reflect the actual position of a company. This has led to such companies experiencing financial strain and others collapsing. The purpose of this study is to find out the impacts that creative accounting has on a company’s financial health. The study will give an insight on the consequences of creative accounting and the negative effects the practice may have on a company’s on-going and future performance. Various scholars have studied different aspects of creative accounting. According to Beasley, creative accounting is used to influence market expectations and increase consumers’ and investors’ confidence in a firm (450).

Mobile devices in the workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mobile devices in the workplace - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to explore the use of mobile devices in the workplace. It aims at determining the level of use of mobile devices during office hours and the effects of such application on effectiveness and efficiency of employees’ output. This is because of the emerging trend in technology that increasingly develops the mobile devices. These devices are also technologically capacitated to offer services that were previously available on computers only. While low portability of computers would previously limit such application in the workplace, the current mobile devices allow employees, while on duty, to access recreational services. The problem promises a worse situation from the trend in manufacturing and sale of the mobile devices. There was for example an almost 90 percent increment in importation of mobile devices from the fourth quarter of the year 2009 to the same period in the year 2010. The increasing competition among the many manufactures of the devices also predic ts increase in utility that will attract more of employees’ time to the mobile devices. In the year 2010 for instance, more than 40 percent of employees used mobile devices for texting and this percentage is expected to have currently exceeded 50 percent (Notifycorp, 2010). Such trends pose both adverse and beneficial impacts on organizations. While they facilitate communication among members of the organization and may be used to facilitate official communications within organizations, the mobile devices, especially when used for personal applications, consumes a lot of organizations’ time, in quality and quantity (Notifycorp, 2010). The applications such as social networks and entertainment distract employees leading to loss of productivity time at personal levels. While cumulative employees’ application of the devices leads to a general lost time at the workplace, some employees’ applications may be a hindrance to other employees to adversely affect th eir output levels (Lussier, 2011). This research report therefore intends to change the trend in application of mobile devices in the workplace. It shall achieve this by statistically identifying the adverse impacts of application of the devices for adequate managerial decision making for controlling office use of mobile devices towards improved efficiency and effectiveness of employees. The developed ideas promise a deeper insight into human resource management through identifying significant inefficiencies due to application of mobile devices. This will lead to developed policies towards a more dedicated labor force. The research’s major limitation is, however, employees’ negative attitude on the research that may lead to dishonest responses. As a result, the true impacts of application of mobile devices may not be established. Proposed task The investigation proposes to employ a quantitative research approach. Under the method, the task will involve a series of step s that will begin with establishment of a theory, from reviewed literature. The proposed theory is that, application of mobile devices reduces productivity in the workplace. The theory will be followed by development of research hypothesis. This will be followed by designing the research before developing data collection instruments. Sampling will then be done followed by data collection and data analysis towards conclusion and a final documentation of the report (Bryman and Bell, 2007). The

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 120

Summary - Essay Example a guideline to those who may have developed interest in understanding student’s behaviors, conduct and development patterns while still under the experience of the campus life. The paper mainly focuses on family theories and characteristics based on their evolutionary-life in relation to student’s affairs, practices and mental development (Nilson, 2010). In essence, a doctor attempted to treat a psychiatric patient who failed to respond to services offered until her medical history was traced, and it has been clarified that there is a need to have a glimpse of patient history and absorb her experiences. Another psychological scholar Nilson (2010) illustrates that it is critical to understand the history of anybody suffering from mental disposition before treatment is administered. Moreover, majority of expatriates who are concerned with student affairs often believe in direct observation of patients other than listening to stories. Some theories include Cognitive development theory concerned with psychological issues, it allows for the synthesis of information thus enabling an individual to make a variation from very simple encounters to bigger events. Cognitive theory is mainly used in students to govern moral development. In addition, there is social identity theory that plays a critical role in giving contrast to different memberships that are claimed by an individual within a specific framework of representation. The most common social identities theories include ethnic identity or racial identity. Consequently, there is psychosocial development theory that focuses mainly on ho w a person relates to the social environment. Psychosocial development theory clarifies about the developmental period of a person based on his identity, value, career and family among other elements within the environment. The above article gives an evaluation and comparison of several theories associated with the development of a child. Despite such theories having been developed

The Golden Gate Bridge Magnificence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

The Golden Gate Bridge Magnificence - Essay Example There is a slight scent of roses in the atmosphere a scent that has come up with the tide (Campbell and Susan, 35). The water in itself is pleasing to the eyes, and the smashing of water on to the rocks below makes it seem as if it is raging and charging. The sunlight makes the water sparkle when calm, and though a long way down, I can see my own tiny reflection; a tiny me holding the railings of the bridge and looking down to see the gaze turned on to me. A swarm of birds passes by, making me envious of them because I do not get to enjoy the scenery that they get to enjoy in their flight. They whistle in harmony, whilst I soak in the sun’s warm rays looking into the horizon. Many have encountered death by this bridge. Death has taken the lives of countless individuals in both cruel and softer manner. The lucky ones were saved before death could grasp them. The sparkly waters below me have tasted the blood of the victims. The waters do not choose the person to take in (Campbell and Susan, 35). The clouds begin to show their faces. They come in huge numbers as if to bid me the worst. Now the air smells of exhaust smoke, emitted from cars trying to rush home and avoid the coming thunderstorm., The place suddenly turns cold, a gesture that means I should be on my way lest I meet the wrath of the water below, which has now turned wild and bangs the rocks on the banks with rage. Many lives have been taken down there, and I would not wish death takes mine soon I choose the Golden Gate Bridge because of its famous use by various people and among them those who pass there while heading home on a daily basis. I enjoyed writing about the Golden Gate Bridge because, despite its praise for being one famous bridge among many, there was still the possibility of writing something negative about a bridge that has been praised for quite a while. My first impressions about the bridge were both good and bad.

Mobile devices in the workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mobile devices in the workplace - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to explore the use of mobile devices in the workplace. It aims at determining the level of use of mobile devices during office hours and the effects of such application on effectiveness and efficiency of employees’ output. This is because of the emerging trend in technology that increasingly develops the mobile devices. These devices are also technologically capacitated to offer services that were previously available on computers only. While low portability of computers would previously limit such application in the workplace, the current mobile devices allow employees, while on duty, to access recreational services. The problem promises a worse situation from the trend in manufacturing and sale of the mobile devices. There was for example an almost 90 percent increment in importation of mobile devices from the fourth quarter of the year 2009 to the same period in the year 2010. The increasing competition among the many manufactures of the devices also predic ts increase in utility that will attract more of employees’ time to the mobile devices. In the year 2010 for instance, more than 40 percent of employees used mobile devices for texting and this percentage is expected to have currently exceeded 50 percent (Notifycorp, 2010). Such trends pose both adverse and beneficial impacts on organizations. While they facilitate communication among members of the organization and may be used to facilitate official communications within organizations, the mobile devices, especially when used for personal applications, consumes a lot of organizations’ time, in quality and quantity (Notifycorp, 2010). The applications such as social networks and entertainment distract employees leading to loss of productivity time at personal levels. While cumulative employees’ application of the devices leads to a general lost time at the workplace, some employees’ applications may be a hindrance to other employees to adversely affect th eir output levels (Lussier, 2011). This research report therefore intends to change the trend in application of mobile devices in the workplace. It shall achieve this by statistically identifying the adverse impacts of application of the devices for adequate managerial decision making for controlling office use of mobile devices towards improved efficiency and effectiveness of employees. The developed ideas promise a deeper insight into human resource management through identifying significant inefficiencies due to application of mobile devices. This will lead to developed policies towards a more dedicated labor force. The research’s major limitation is, however, employees’ negative attitude on the research that may lead to dishonest responses. As a result, the true impacts of application of mobile devices may not be established. Proposed task The investigation proposes to employ a quantitative research approach. Under the method, the task will involve a series of step s that will begin with establishment of a theory, from reviewed literature. The proposed theory is that, application of mobile devices reduces productivity in the workplace. The theory will be followed by development of research hypothesis. This will be followed by designing the research before developing data collection instruments. Sampling will then be done followed by data collection and data analysis towards conclusion and a final documentation of the report (Bryman and Bell, 2007). The

The Golden Gate Bridge Magnificence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

The Golden Gate Bridge Magnificence - Essay Example There is a slight scent of roses in the atmosphere a scent that has come up with the tide (Campbell and Susan, 35). The water in itself is pleasing to the eyes, and the smashing of water on to the rocks below makes it seem as if it is raging and charging. The sunlight makes the water sparkle when calm, and though a long way down, I can see my own tiny reflection; a tiny me holding the railings of the bridge and looking down to see the gaze turned on to me. A swarm of birds passes by, making me envious of them because I do not get to enjoy the scenery that they get to enjoy in their flight. They whistle in harmony, whilst I soak in the sun’s warm rays looking into the horizon. Many have encountered death by this bridge. Death has taken the lives of countless individuals in both cruel and softer manner. The lucky ones were saved before death could grasp them. The sparkly waters below me have tasted the blood of the victims. The waters do not choose the person to take in (Campbell and Susan, 35). The clouds begin to show their faces. They come in huge numbers as if to bid me the worst. Now the air smells of exhaust smoke, emitted from cars trying to rush home and avoid the coming thunderstorm., The place suddenly turns cold, a gesture that means I should be on my way lest I meet the wrath of the water below, which has now turned wild and bangs the rocks on the banks with rage. Many lives have been taken down there, and I would not wish death takes mine soon I choose the Golden Gate Bridge because of its famous use by various people and among them those who pass there while heading home on a daily basis. I enjoyed writing about the Golden Gate Bridge because, despite its praise for being one famous bridge among many, there was still the possibility of writing something negative about a bridge that has been praised for quite a while. My first impressions about the bridge were both good and bad.

Native Americans Essay Example for Free

Native Americans Essay Native Americans were the first people living in the United States until Europeans arrived, sought to colonize and take over. During this time, Native Americans were subjugated to warfare, new government and losing their lands. Forced to submit to White settlers, many Native Americans have had to choose between assimilating into a White culture or preserving their heritage and ancestry. This essay will discuss public policy regarding Native Americans and provide some examples pertaining to ethnocentrism and cultural relativity. Public Policy and Ethnocentrism From early on, Native American culture has been on a collision with White society. During the colonial period, the government did not want to have any issues with settlers and Native Americans. Schaefer mentions that Whites were to take precedence regardless of the needs or interference by tribes (150). The secretary of war was put in charge of the Native Americans with regard to any Federal communications. Later in 1824 the Bureau of Indian Affairs was created as an intermediary between the Native Americans and the government (Schaefer 150). As White settlers started to move west, they had felt that Native Americans were blocking their progress. This led to the Indian Removal Act that was passed in 1824 which forced several tribes to leave their ancestral lands. Schaefer also mentions, â€Å"the federal government enacted legislation that affected them with minimal consultation† (151). The government’s goal was to weaken tribal institutions so that Native Americans would assimilate. The government still tried to make Native Americans become more like White homesteaders. In 1887 the government passed the Allotment Act which would turn tribal members into land owners. While each family was given 160 acres, there were some stipulations. Schaefer mentions that â€Å"the act prohibited Native Americans from selling the land for 25 years† (153). The other issue was with the Native Americans not knowing how to farm or utilize the land. They also did not receive assistance or training from the  government and as a result, did not do well with homesteading. Since the land could not be legally sold, the Bureau of Indian Affairs ended up leasing the land to White landowners (Schaefer 153). During this time, it was believed that Native Americans should put aside tribal identities and assimilate into White culture. As time progressed, the Indian Reorganization Act which was also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act was passed in 1934 (Schaefer 153). This act was supposed to recognize tribal identity but still pushed for assimilation. Tribes would be allowed to create a constitution and elect leaders within reservations. The Reorganization Act did allow Native Americans to have more control over actions taken on their behalf. Schaefer mentions that this act had tried to unite government agencies with tribal dealings by immersing Native Americans in procedures common to White society (153). However, the act still allowed for non-Native Americans to control issues regarding reservations. Schaefer states that, â€Å"The Reorganization Act sought to assimilate Native Americans into the dominant society on the dominant group’s terms† (153). Moving Towards Cultural Relativity After years of the United States government trying to force Native Americans to Assimilate, they have started to realize that their efforts were not facilitating pluralism. Schaefer mentions the Termination Act of 1953 â€Å"which was considered a controversial government policy towards Native Americans† (156). This act cancelled federal services such as medical care, schools, and road equipment that took effect immediately. There was no coordination between tribes or government agencies which affected the tribes in a disastrous manner. They were not able to perform some basic services such as road repair or fire protection without the government. While this policy was supposed to give Native Americans the ability to self-govern it was viewed as a way to reduce services and save money. With life on an Indian reservation being economically depressed, the government decided to try to lure Native Americans away from the reservations. In 1952 the Bureau of Indian Affairs had started programs to  relocate Native Americans to urban areas. In 1962 one of the programs was called the Employment Assistance Program. Schaefer states, â€Å"the purpose was to relocate individuals or families at the government’s expense to urban areas where the job opportunities were† (157). This program was not successful as many Native Americans returned back to their reservations. Schaefer also mentions that this program had some unintended consequences where the Native Americans who left were better educated and created a brain-drain (157). This also caused many of them to understand the predicament that they were faced with in both the city and federal reservations. Through all that they have been through, Native Americans have managed to work collectively through Pan-Indianism intertribal social movements. It has caused them to unite within a common identity because of political goals. In 1944 The National Congress of American Indians was formed in Denver, Colorado and registered itself as a lobby in Washington, D.C. (Schaefer 157). Their goal was to raise issues with regard to the Native American perspective as it operated similar to the NAACP. This group was able to create the Indian Claims Commission and force the Bureau of Indian Affairs to stop the practice of termination. In 1968 the American Indian Movement was created to monitor police actions and document charges of police brutality (Schaefer 157). Schaefer states that â€Å"sovereignty which refers to tribal self-rule is supported by every U.S. president since the 1960’s† (160). This is a very complex legal relationship since there are numerous legal cases where the Supreme Court has to rule which tribes may rule themselves and where they might be subject to state and federal laws. Tribal members pay federal income, social security, unemployment and property taxes but do not pay state income tax if they live and work on reservations (Schaefer 160). Sovereignty links the actions of the federal government with individual American Indians. Schaefer argues that the government acts as a gatekeeper in determining which tribes are recognized (161). In 1978 the Department of the Interior established the â€Å"acknowledgement process† to decide if more tribes could qualify for a government to government relationship. Conclusion With all that the Native Americans have been through over the years it would seem that many of the early policies were not effective because they did not produce the desired results of forced and immediate assimilation. The only thing that the government was able to do was drive these people off their lands, relocate them and create a sense of distrust. I do feel that the Employment Assistance program did contribute to having some Native Americans move out of their comfort zone and seek out other opportunities. It did cause many Native Americans to take collective action and form groups to lobby for their rights. With regard to sovereignty, it seems that Native Americans are trying to assimilate themselves by working with the government to gain recognition and reap the economic benefits. Today it seems that Native Americans are slowly assimilating into White society because of their involvement in protests, lobbying, politics and business. While Native Americans might not have achieved complete pluralism, they are still trying to adapt to contemporary society. References Schaefer, R. (2012). Native Americans: The First Americans (13th ed), Chapter 6 (pp. 147-171). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.

The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism Essay The capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta with a total populations of 9.6 million (BPS, 2012) with five areas namely West, East, North, South and Central, has positive economic growth since period 2000 to 2011, which mostly was sustained by the three main sectors such as (1) financial, real estate and business services sector, (2) trade hotel and restaurant sector and (3) manufacturing sector. (BPS, 2012) The increasing of economic growth gives impacts to the tourism industry in Indonesia. In January 2011, the Culture and Tourism Minister of Republic Indonesia announced the replacement of Visit Indonesia Year branding with Wonderful Indonesia as part of tourism campaign that expected to attract 7.7 million foreign tourists and generate $8.3 billion of revenue. Whereas 50% of this revenue will be generated from meetings, convention and exhibitions that will take place in various place in Indonesia. (The Jakarta Post, 31st December 2010). Jakarta, where the central government, trade, services and industry are located at, makes Jakarta a destination for business travellers or as a government central meeting. In addition, with the completing facilities at JIExpo Kemayoran in North Jakarta, Jakarta Convention Center in Central Jakarta, Balai Kartini in South Jakarta, Semanggi Expo in South Jakarta, Jakarta will become one of the tourism destination for MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition) business. (Sarya, 2011, p.16) Table 1.:The statistic of number of international tourist arrival through gate Airport Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 Soekarno Hatta, 1,464,717 1,390,440 1,823,636 1,933,022 Ngurah Rai, 2,081,786 2,384,819 2,546,023 2,788,706 Polonia, 130,211 148,193 162,410 192,650 Sam Ratulangi 21,795 29,715 20,220 20,074 Batam 1,061,390 951,384 1,007,446 1,161,581 Juanda, Surabaya 156,726 158,076 168,888 185,815 Adi Sumarmo 19,022 16,489 22,350 23,830 Minangkabau, 40,911 51,002 27,482 30,585 Others 1,257,939 1,193,612 1,224,489 1,311,468 Amount 6,234,497 6,323,730 7,002,944 7,647,731 Source: Biro Pusat Statistik, 2012 Table 1.1 shows that the international tourists who arrived through Jakartas International Airport namely Soekarno Hatta, have increased year to year which in 2011, it reached about 1.9 million. The total international tourists who came to Indonesia in 2011 have almost reached the target of the Culture and Tourism Minister to attract 7.7 million foreign tourists. Hotel Industry For some big countries like Jakarta, which has many business activities, hotel becomes one of the most productive income-producing properties (Internal data Colliers International Indonesia, 2012). There are four benefits from hotel industry for a country (Medlik Ingram, 2000, p.4), which are, In some areas, hotel as an attraction of visitor who bring spending power and who tend to spend more money than they do when they are at home. This visitor spending power often gives big contribution to the economy revenue of a country. In Jakarta, hotel, trade and restaurant sector is one of top three sectors which give a biggest contribution in GDP for mostly years. From period 2009-2011, hotel, trade and restaurant sector has contributed 20% for DKI Jakartas GDP (Gross Domestic Product). (BPS, 2009 2011) In areas which receiving foreign visitors, hotels play big roles as foreigner currency earners which can give big contribution to their countrys balance of payments. For countries which have small possibilities of export may take hotels as their foreigner currency earners. Hotels can provide many job opportunities that this role is important for areas which have small number of sources of employment, where they contribute to regional development. Hotel can act as a medium to promo the products of other industries. Mostly hotel are supplied with food, drink and other consumables which purchased from local farmers, fishermen and other suppliers. Using local products in their services makes this hotel not only can contribute directly to their economy revenue to nation as a foreigner currency earners but also indirectly as an outlet to promote other local industries. Hotels may become social activity centres for local people and often their restaurants and other facilities can attract local custom. The positive macroeconomic growth encourages the positive growth of hotel supply in Jakarta, as a respond from hotel groups for the positive growth of room demand. Some hotel groups expand their hotel chain by increasing their number of hotel, such as Tauzia (local chain) which its hotel management will develop 23 hotels until 2012, consist of 15 units Harris Hotel and 8 units of Pop Harris. Next, there is the Accor group (international chain based on France and the largest operator of hotels in Asia Pacific) plan to expand their network across Indonesia from 40 hotels in 2011 to 100 hotels by 2015. PT Surya Semesta Internusa Tbk (SSIA), who own and manages the 5-star Gran Melia Hotel Jakarta and Melia Hotel Bali, plans to expand its revenue in the hospitality market by developing a budget hotel network in 2012. The increasing number of hotel for a budget hotel to a five stars hotel for period 2000 2011 are shown on the Figure 1.2, (from the period 2012 2015 are projection number), Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The hotel supply in Jakarta by number of hotel from period 2000-2015 Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The hotel supply in Jakarta by number of room from period 2000-2015 Based on the Figure 1.2, the supply of hotel since 2000-2011 are dominated by 5-star hotel and 4-star hotel, whereas until 2011 there were already 37 five-star hotel and 35 four-star hotel in Jakarta. These hotel groups which play in Jakarta hotel market consist of international and local brands. Some of international brands in Indonesia which the writer would like to mention are Holiday Inn, Sheraton, Four Seasons, Kempinksi, InterContinental, Hilton International, Ritz-Carlton and Mandarin Oriental. While the local brands also aggressively work to build their own chain, from Santika, Mulia and Sultan to the Sahid Group and many others. The Emerging of Budget Hotel in Jakarta The concept of Budget Hotel in Jakarta began to emerge in 2006, initiated by the Accor Group, France with the Hotel Formule1, which plans to build four other branch of this hotel in Bali, Semarang, Yogyakarta and Jakarta. Then followed by Santika Group with their Amaris Hotel that until 2012 having 22 Amaris hotel and planning to expand the chain by adding another 13 Amaris Hotel. Basically the key players in budget hotel market are hotel groups who already have established their star hotel chains, and because they can see the potential market and demand of budget hotel, they add one line in their chain for budget hotel. Some of the hotel groups are shown in Table 1.: Hotel groups and their brand on star and budget hotel. Table 1.: Hotel groups and their brand on star and budget hotel Hotel Group Star Hotel Brand Budget Hotel Brand Aston International Aston Hotel (3 Star) Fave Hotel Accor Group Grand Mercure (4 star) Novotel (4 star) Pullman Hotel (5 star) Ibis Budget Hotel (previously Formule 1) Grahawita Santika Santika Premiere (4 Star) Santika Hotel (3 Star) Amaris Hotel Tauzia Hotel Management Harris Hotel (4 Star) Pop Hotel PT Intiland Development Grand Whiz (3 Star) Whiz Hotel Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International, 2012 Budget hotels are known for its low fare hotel (Barrows Powers, 2009, pp.273), where guests can experience staying at good quality hotel, with a low price. The guests pay only for what they use. This will result in not only cost efficiency for the costumer but also for the investor. Based on Colliers International Indonesia data 2012, in year 2011 there are only 6 budget hotels in Jakarta, which are, Formule 1, Menteng by Accor Amaris Hotel, Panglima Polim by Santika Formule 1, Cikini by Accor Amaris Mangga Dua Square by Santika Amaris Soekarno Hatta, Cengkareng by Santika Amaris Senen by Santika In the Figure 1.3 shows the total number of budget hotel in Jakarta since emerged in 2006 to 2012. Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The number of budget hotel in Jakarta from period 2006-2012 The Segment of Budget Hotel The main segment of budget hotel in Jakarta is business traveller. The high demand of business activities in Jakarta, which require low price accommodation with limited service, has encouraged budget hotel as a main preference for company in choosing their business accommodation. In addition, there is a shift work system among corporation when they will do expansion into a new area. In the era of the 1990s, to monitor or ensure the potential for business in area which newly initiated, the company usually sends a direct top management (Hari et al., June 2011, p.44). Since 2000s, with the improving economy and quality of human resources, the corporation began to delegate the task at middle management level (Hari et al., June 2011, p.44). In addition, by delegating tasks to the level of management, the costs will be cheaper than sending the top management. Those changes of pattern, then affect the travel business in Indonesia, from the emergence of low cost carrier (LCC) to the mushrooming budget hotel (limited service hotels) which only provide the basic needs of the guests: the comfortable rooms for rest. Basically the potential of business traveler market in Jakarta is quite large, because of few reasons, which are: The improvement in all sectors and positive economic growth has big impact in the increasing of business activity in Jakarta. In their business activity, the businesses often do business trip to out of town, even overseas. And as a central government, trade, services and industry, Jakarta becomes one of the most destinations for business travellers in Indonesia. Based on data from Asia Pacific Business Traveller Research 2011 by Accor Group, the cost which spent for hotel accommodation for Indonesian business traveller is $92/night (2011, p.11), while the average long stay is 2.08 day. (BPS, 2011) As the total business traveller in Indonesia in 2011 is about 90% of the total domestic tourist in Indonesia (Siahaan, 2012), therefore business travellers will be around 6.84 million in a year. Thus from this total of business travellers, there is about $1.3trillion of the total cost of the trip that flows into the hotel industry in 2011. Global financial crisis in 2008 had also triggered the corporation to cut their business travel budget. There are some strategies that they have done during 3 years after the crisis (2009-2011). Based on Ascend Corporate Travel Survey 2012, from 340 respondent of business travellers who based 43% Europe, 30% North America and 17% Asia pacific, there is an increasing number of company which planning to change their choice of hotels to save money in 2011. Whereas this condition was encouraged budget hotel as a preference accommodation for company for business trip The Industry of Budget Hotel in Jakarta What becomes interesting from budget hotel market in Jakarta is how the supply and demand of budget hotel is significantly increasing in the short period of time. Many hotel groups or airline groups expand their business to invest in budget hotel, by seeing the potential demand of this hotel. For instance, AirAsia Group, an airline company based on Malaysia, who became a pioneer of providing a budget airline (Low Cost Carrier, LLC), has also interested to create budget hotel with brand Tune Hotel. After first established in Malaysia in 2007, Tune Hotel has spread in 6 countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, England, Thailand, Filipina and Australia. In 2009, they launched two Tune Hotel in Bali which is in Kuta and Seminyak and in 2013, they are planning to expand 13 Tune Hotels in Indonesia which will be in Jakarta, Bekasi, Surabaya, Pekanbaru, Makassar, Sola, Palembang, Tangerang and Bali (Kompas, 5th September 2012, p.19) In the Figure1.: The growth in terms of number of rooms from period 2000-2012 below shows that budget hotels growth compared with 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in terms of number of rooms is rising significant since emerged in 2006. Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The growth in terms of number of rooms from period 2000-2012 The significant supply of budget hotel is a respond for significant demand from the market. It can be seen from the occupancy rate of budget hotel which is quite good better than 3 5 star hotels. The Figure1.: The occupancy rate from 5-star hotel to budget hotel shows that only two years after budget hotel has emerged to the market, its occupancy rate is highly better than 3 5 star hotels, even 5-star hotel has the lowest occupancy rate from 2000-2011. Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The occupancy rate from 5-star hotel to budget hotel The higher demand of budget hotel than 3, 4, 5 star hotels gives an idea that budget hotel probably has satisfied their customer and could create their loyalty customers who wants to do repeat purchases of their services. However, before reaching high customer satisfaction level and having loyalty customers, there are values that budget hotel should give to their customer. How customer value creation that budget hotel has done to their customer and how this value creation impacts their customer satisfaction and loyalty that ultimately will increase their demand level and how this customer value creation impacts to the hotel profitability that impact the supply level will be a purpose for this research. Problem Identification Due to the demand of budget hotel is higher than 3, 4, 5 star hotels, thus there is a sign that probably budget hotel has satisfied their customer that ultimately could create customer loyalty who wants to do repeat purchases of their services hotel. However, in order to satisfy their customer and create customer loyalty, they should give values to their customer. Therefore, the issue in this thesis is to analyse The Impact of Customer Value Creation on Budget Hotel towards Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty and Hotel Profitability. There are four areas of research problem, What value creation that budget hotel has done towards its customers? What is the customer satisfaction level of budget hotel as an impact of customer value creation? What are the dominating values in influencing customer satisfaction which will lead to create customer loyalty? How is the profitability level of budget hotel compared to 4 and 5 star hotel as an impact from customer satisfaction and customer loyalty? Research Objective The main purposes of this research paper are: To identify and explain the customers value of budget hotel To identify and explain of customer satisfaction of budget hotel as impacts of the customer value creation To identify and explain the dominating value in influencing customer satisfaction level of budget hotel, which will lead to create customer loyalty To identify and explain the correlation between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of budget hotel To analyze the profitability level of budget hotel compared with 4 and 5 star hotel as an impact from customer satisfaction level and customer loyalty Significant Research The study is significant because it provides information which will be helpful for the readers: The study is significant in understanding the customer behavior and needs better. The study will address the issue of customer value creation to improve the customer satisfaction to create customer loyalty. The study may be useful for many interested parties, especially: Budget hotel groups. They may use this research to support enhancement of customer satisfaction and relationship Students and internal parties of Swiss German University. This research can be used as a reference for lecturers and other students to conduct further research. The researcher. The result of this research can be used to enrich my knowledge. Academics. The result of this research can be used to do further research in the same industry. Scope and Limitation of Thesis In order that the study on this subject more focus, and to get the benefit from the study, therefore the study limited to: The value creation by budget hotel in Jakarta towards its customer The impact of customer value creation on customer satisfaction and loyalty The impact of customer satisfaction and loyalty on profitability level of budget hotel compared with hotel industry.

Process Of Law (short) :: essays research papers

Process of Law   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A law trial begins when a party brings suit against another party, or several parties. A request for jurors is sent out, and a list of possible jurors is created. The defendant(s) for both parties may now filter out jurors through the list, in two different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first, For Cause, means a juror is dismissed because they are or were employed by or related to one of the parties. If reasonable legal reason exists, there is no limit to how many times a For Cause challenge can occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second type of challenge a lawyer can make is called a Peremptory challenge. Each party is allowed a certain number of challenges that dont require a reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the jury is selected (6 or more in Circuit Court civil cases and Probate cases, 12 or more in Circuit Court criminal cases), the trial convenes and the opening statements of the defendants is heard. The opening statement is typically used to show what their party claims, and outlines what evidence is going to be used in the trial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After both opening statements are heard, the evidence is presented to the court. Evidence can be a document, or a photo, or some other physical object. The major form of evidence is testimony, which is made by the witnesses. Some evidence can be restricted from being introduced if it prolongs the trial too much, or is not completely believable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once all the evidence has been presented, and all witnesses heard, the closing arguments are heard from the defendants of both parties. This basically outlines and underlines the evidence and the testimony.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The jurors then retire to the jury room to discuss the case.

Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers

I am going to focuse on the relations between the United States and the Japanese after W.W.I and Pearl Harbor. There were a few incidents out of this book that I felt were very interesting that helped contribute to the United States and Japanese mistrusts and miscalculations over the next twent or thirty years until the relations ended up in war after the surprising terriblr=e terrorist bombing of Pearl Harbor. Thus, causing the start of World War II. The first incident that I wanted to discuss out of this book took place in 1922. In 1922 the big powers (which were all European except the United States and Japan from a treaty at a Washington Conference.) In this conference the powers agreed to form a multilateralist state of existence with each other and the world. In this conference the powers agreed to form a sort of peaceful coexistence and disarmament between themselves and the world. What was misunderstood by the major powers was that they believed that peace and disarmament was wanted by all the members of the conference which was not the case what so ever. The powers believed that they would form a national community that shared the same interest by all the majorly diverse nations. When itbecame known that the highly diverse countries did not have the same interst there was not a national law committee (like today; NATO) to uphold the laws that were made by the Washington Committee so the idea of this multilateralist state was dropped and animosity continued for years at a time until things became out of hand and hate ran rapid. The second incident that I want to discuss is the Manchurian Incident of September 1931. The United States was deep in an economic crisis and committed to staying isolated from the other countries in Europe because the US feared another war could happen. Even if the United States would have not been isolated they lacked the power to influence other countries around the world. This conflict happened because the Japanese faced a lot of problems on the world scene and domestic problems caused the Japanese to go from a multilateralist state of being (like they agreed to do after W.W.I) to seeking an autonomous state of being in their foreign policy. In this autonomous state the Japanese wanted to form a stron military and political influence over Asia for themselves rather than the West.

Physics LabShc of Water

The result I will get as the SSH of water will not be exactly the same as the literature value, but ill be a very close figure to the literature value of the SSH of water as there will be some limitations to our experiment. The experimental result I acquired was 4119. 54 Jag-1 K-1, lower than I expected, while the literature value is 4200 Jag-K-1 this shows that the experiment was carried out correctly, but not perfectly. There is a 2% error in my result when compared to the literature value. The errors can be due to the fact that the experiment wasn't orchestrated under professional conditions in a top-notch lab. Thus, one can without a doubt conclude by saying that the experiment faced mom errors while it was being conducted, but still arrived at the area of the expected result.Evaluation The experiment was conducted well, despite the random and systematic errors that I came across. The main errors I identified were the following: When transferring the iron block into the calorimet er some heat was lost to the surroundings as the block was out in the open. The simple calorimeter we used was made from a copper can, and when the water and iron block were boiling the can was nearby, and since it's a metal and metals are conductors of heat it possibly has gained heat from the Bunsen burner. Therefore, the temperature difference of the mixture, as a result, could have been made smaller by reason of heat being gained by the calorimeter.The cover of the calorimeter wasn't fully closed, leaving the water inside exposed and vulnerable to evaporation, which could lead to the loss of mass of the water and also cause the water to lose or gain heat from the surroundings, which could have been the reason I got results lower than what I expected, even though it would result in a very minute difference Suggestions for Improvements Weakness – Improvement Calorimeter gaining heat from the Bunsen burner close by because of the material it's made from Introduce a calorimet er that is made from a substance that doesn't let outside intrusions affect it. The cover of the calorimeter not fully closing Use a lid that fits the copper can so that the water inside of it isn't exposed to outside air Heat lost to surroundings when transferring ten test material (metal Deadlock) Into ten calorimeter Put forward a scheme whereby less heat is lost to the surroundings or use a metal that has some characteristics of an insulator as the test material (metal block)

Business Fashion Affects Consumer Behavior

Business fashion affects consumer behavior Position 1. 1 Current situation Fashion trend always affect how the majority wear. Recently, a series of casual wear fashion brands have arrived Hong Kong. It drives hundreds of thousands of youngsters or young adults crazy on western casual wear style. It is not hard to observe this in streets. This attributes to fashion brands usually push a mass promotion towards the targeted consumers together with an attractive and all round market offering. fashion brands not only provide a product, but also shopping experience with well created shopping environment, well trained salespersons and well organized after sales services) That’s why consumers are attracted to follow their trends by becoming so fence to the fashion brands. 1. 2 How it affects Consumer behaviors are affected by different stimuli, including marketing strategies. It influences the buyer’s black box, which are buyer characteristics and decision process.For fashion b rands, they usually utilize different marketing strategies in order to adapt or influence social, personal, cultural and psychological factors that affect buyer’s black box and therefore their purchase decision. 1. 3 Reasons behind If fashion brands successfully influence the buyer’s purchase decision, they can gain a huge business chance. That means if they can make up a fashion trend that consistent with their clothing style, it would bring such a million dollar sales.As it becomes a fashion trend, consumer will not only buy it for once, but become loyal as long as it is still ‘fashionable’ to them. it would bring a continuous benefit but not all-for-once. Problems 2. 1 Consumer To some extent, it in fact creates an unnecessary consumption which means it is not purchasing for need. Many exact need recognition to purchase are implied by external stimuli which is not internally implied by consumers itself but made by marketers. Just try to think, how many clothes you bought for need only but not because you think it is good.Why you feel good to the product, which might be it is chic, mostly for the teens and young adults. That implies a problem of overconsumption or even existence of shopaholics or any personal finance. 2. 2 Fashion Fashion brands would create fashion trends to match their clothing style. That might affect the independency of the art of fashion. Fashion is an art, is an expression, is an time mark. It represents many things that weigh. It is more than a business. If it has been used as a market strategies, that , to some extent, limit or even destroy fashion.At least some fashion designers might sacrifice the art value of fashion and turn their design to business oriented, that the fashion design should suit their business marketing strategies. Like many renowned fashion brands, they would fine tune the product shown in the fashion catwalk show before it is sold. Like the high heels designed specially by YSL, which i s a round shape like a quarter of a circle with heel when you look by side, the level of heels have been lowered and fine-tune their design before it is launched to the public.

451 Essay

In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury conveys a significant message through the contrasting tones he uses to describe Clarisse and Mildred. Bradbury uses a reverent, respectful tone to describe Clarisse, when Guy Montag sees her for the first time in the street as he walks home from work (3). The diction â€Å"slender† and â€Å"milk-white† portrays that Clarisse is young and innocent. These words create this feeling because one would normally associate slimness and a clear complexion with youth. The personification used in â€Å"gentle hunger† and â€Å"tireless curiosity† reveal the fact that Clarisse is inquisitive to the reader. The use of â€Å"gentle† and â€Å"tireless† allow the reader to see that Clarisse has a hunger for knowledge. The imagery â€Å"sliding walk† and â€Å"dress was white† creates an image of Clarisse’s demeanor and general appearance in the reader’s mind. Using these words also gives the reader the sense that Clarisse is pure, like an angel, because a sliding walk and white garments are associated with angels. Bradbury’s praising and positive tone shows that he strongly identifies with her personality. In contrast to the tone he uses when describing Clarisse, Bradbury uses a dull, monotonous tone to talk about Mildred when Guy Montag sees her as he walks into their bedroom shortly after his encounter with Clarisse (11). The metaphor â€Å"felt no rain† and â€Å"felt no shadow† compares rain and shadow to the feelings that Mildred does not feel. With this metaphor, Bradbury reveals to the reader that Mildred is apathetic, unfeeling. The diction â€Å"tamped-shut ears† and â€Å"ears all glass† suggests to the reader that Mildred is oblivious to her surroundings. These words create the effect that Mildred does not see and hear what is going around in front of her. The simile â€Å"like a snow-covered island† compares Mildred’s face to a snow-covered island. This simile leaves the reader with the impression that Mildred’s face is pale, almost lifeless. Bradbury’s apathetic, negative tone shows that he does not approve of Mildred’s obliviousness and lifelessness. Bradbury uses an admiring, awed tone to describe Clarisse when Guy Montag is remembering his encounter with Clarisse (8). The simile â€Å"face like the dial of a small clock† compares Clarisse’s face with the dial of a small clock. Bradbury goes on to describe the clock as the type giving off light in the darkness in the middle of the night. This comparison conveys the idea that Clarisse represents good early on in the book. The simile â€Å"how like a mirror too, her face† emphasizes the fact that Clarisse’s demeanor in general makes Montag reflect on his actions, thoughts, and words. Bradbury is trying to relay the message that Clarisse has the type of personality that makes other people reflect upon themselves. The simile â€Å"like the eager watcher of a marionette show† compares Clarisse to an eager watcher of a marionette show through a simile. This simile demonstrates how perceptive Clarisse is. Bradbury’s tone of disbelief and awe shows his admiration of Clarisse’s character. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury uses contrasting tones towards Clarisse and Mildred in order to convey his opinion that one should not blindly the beliefs that are presented to them. Bradbury strongly believes that we should constantly question the world around us. 451 Essay In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury conveys a significant message through the contrasting tones he uses to describe Clarisse and Mildred. Bradbury uses a reverent, respectful tone to describe Clarisse, when Guy Montag sees her for the first time in the street as he walks home from work (3). The diction â€Å"slender† and â€Å"milk-white† portrays that Clarisse is young and innocent. These words create this feeling because one would normally associate slimness and a clear complexion with youth. The personification used in â€Å"gentle hunger† and â€Å"tireless curiosity† reveal the fact that Clarisse is inquisitive to the reader. The use of â€Å"gentle† and â€Å"tireless† allow the reader to see that Clarisse has a hunger for knowledge. The imagery â€Å"sliding walk† and â€Å"dress was white† creates an image of Clarisse’s demeanor and general appearance in the reader’s mind. Using these words also gives the reader the sense that Clarisse is pure, like an angel, because a sliding walk and white garments are associated with angels. Bradbury’s praising and positive tone shows that he strongly identifies with her personality. In contrast to the tone he uses when describing Clarisse, Bradbury uses a dull, monotonous tone to talk about Mildred when Guy Montag sees her as he walks into their bedroom shortly after his encounter with Clarisse (11). The metaphor â€Å"felt no rain† and â€Å"felt no shadow† compares rain and shadow to the feelings that Mildred does not feel. With this metaphor, Bradbury reveals to the reader that Mildred is apathetic, unfeeling. The diction â€Å"tamped-shut ears† and â€Å"ears all glass† suggests to the reader that Mildred is oblivious to her surroundings. These words create the effect that Mildred does not see and hear what is going around in front of her. The simile â€Å"like a snow-covered island† compares Mildred’s face to a snow-covered island. This simile leaves the reader with the impression that Mildred’s face is pale, almost lifeless. Bradbury’s apathetic, negative tone shows that he does not approve of Mildred’s obliviousness and lifelessness. Bradbury uses an admiring, awed tone to describe Clarisse when Guy Montag is remembering his encounter with Clarisse (8). The simile â€Å"face like the dial of a small clock† compares Clarisse’s face with the dial of a small clock. Bradbury goes on to describe the clock as the type giving off light in the darkness in the middle of the night. This comparison conveys the idea that Clarisse represents good early on in the book. The simile â€Å"how like a mirror too, her face† emphasizes the fact that Clarisse’s demeanor in general makes Montag reflect on his actions, thoughts, and words. Bradbury is trying to relay the message that Clarisse has the type of personality that makes other people reflect upon themselves. The simile â€Å"like the eager watcher of a marionette show† compares Clarisse to an eager watcher of a marionette show through a simile. This simile demonstrates how perceptive Clarisse is. Bradbury’s tone of disbelief and awe shows his admiration of Clarisse’s character. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury uses contrasting tones towards Clarisse and Mildred in order to convey his opinion that one should not blindly the beliefs that are presented to them. Bradbury strongly believes that we should constantly question the world around us.